Published Articles Archive

Abstract
Globalization is not a new phenomenon. Rather, our world has experienced it since many years ago. This broad concept
casually used to describe a variety of phenomena that reflect increased economic, social and political interdependence of
countries. As many developing countries have participating to globalized world recently, the concerns about globalization
and its impacts on different aspect of life is increased. Looking at the way globalization affects us, there is a need to measure
globalization not only to know the effects of it, but also to manage it. Our study reviews the recent globalization synthetic
indexes, their indicators and methods. In addition, we propose some criteria to compare the indexes. We conclude that
selection of a good globalization index heavily depends on the objectives and sample of the study. The results of this study
provide a guideline for researchers to select best index for their studies or develop new and better measurement.

Abstract
In this research landslide, hazard zonation provided based on fuzzy logic method and investigating of this model is efficiency. In the first provided the geology of slope and aspect maps by using aerial photos topography maps and field operations in watershed management of Karaj. Then, these maps classes of priority and coming next determine based on
existing landslides area in the geology, slope and aspect of maps in GIS software. In the geology map of Karaj formation (contain shale, tuff, marl, sandstone and conglomerate) and Tizkuh formation (contain limestone) and in the slope map of percent 25≤ S< 45 and 0≤ S

Abstract
The simplest solution to Einstein's field equations is the Schwarzschild solution. This solution is not able to describe any nonspherical shaped objects. Some stars and galaxies are ellipsoidal. Consequently, the gravitational field around these objects should be different in comparison with the spherical form. This paper is considering a new line element so that we are able to construct not only spherical objects but also we are able to explain an ellipsoidal object too. This new line element is more accurate and complete than the Schwarzschild line element. In this research, we see that the Schwarzschild line element and its solution is only a part of the whole work, which we have done. For more consideration, we applied this metric to an arbitrary object in the next step. Moreover, we used this line element for the solution of a planetary orbit of an ellipsoid planet by using Einstein’s field equations. These equations used for the exterior solution of an ellipsoidal celestial object.

Abstract
In this paper, we have used the general nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) to study the spectral evolution of a short light pulse propagating through an optical fiber. The equation includes the main factors affecting its propagation through the fiber, involving the linear and nonlinear dispersive characteristics. We find the asymmetry feature of the spectrum due to the Raman Effect. The first order group velocity dispersion sets in after a finite propagation length. We have systematically studied the evolution of the pulse through a nonlinear medium.

Abstract
Corrosion can be protected by the application of protective coatings developed by organic resins. Metal lose due to corrosion affects a country economic to a higher extent. Organic coating is the cheapest method to prevent corrosion. Silicone and polyester resins have good physical, mechanical and anticorrosive properties. They can be blended and made hybrid networks. Various concentrations of the two resins were mixed. The curing agent used in the study was polyisocyanate. The network of different functional groups between silicone and polyester resins was examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The crosslink formation between the resins was observed by the identification and analysis of NH bond, Si-O-Si, Si-O-C functional groups.The developed coating systems have got adhesion property which was evaluated by cross hatch test. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the anticorrosion property of the systems by exposing the samples to 3% NaCl solution. EIS experimental results show that the coatings could protect the metal surface for the exposure to corrosive medium for more than 30 days.

Abstract
A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples is presented. The method is based on selective chelation of Pb(II) on surfactant coated alumina, modified with a Schiff’s base (Z)-Furan-2-carbaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (I). The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) at 283.3 for Pb. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant coated alumina adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff’s base which in turn can retain 15.0±0.9mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection (3σ) for Pb(II) was found to be 5.57 ng l -1. The enrichment factor for both ions is 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of lead in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three columns system.

Abstract
In this work, layered of silicon suboxide/gold/silicon suboxide (SiOx/Au/SiOx) films were prepared by using hot-wire plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HW-PECVD) system. The films prepared underwent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process for time periods of 100s, 500s and 700s at temperature of 800oC in vacuum. The effects of RTA on the structural and morphology from FE-SEM, Auger and XRD measurement of the films were studied. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect exhibited by Au particles was obtained from the optical absorption spectra. SPR peaks were exhibited by films which annealed for long time duration. The band gap energy of the annealed samples was found to be in the range of 1.8 to 2.05 eV.

Abstract
Today, technological developments increase very fast and plenty of hi-tech products are seen in the global market. With the influence of consumerism, these products are sold frequently and their life cycles become shorter. Hence, they have already begun to accumulate at the garbage dumps. Many of these products, such as electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) have a significant negative impact on the environment and human health and cause resource depletion. Ecodesign is used as a set of proactive strategies that aims to reduce the total environmental impact of a product at the design stage and leads to sustainability. There are many methods and tools for ecodesign. Although they are widespread, they can not cover all design phases and there are still shortcomings in the tools for engineering designers as to accomplish ecodesign. To understand the requirements of designers in order to succeed in the ecodesign process, design experts from academia and experts from EEE producing companies have been surveyed. The results of the surveys can help to set up general requirements for the development of a holistic ecodesign tool.

Abstract
In this report, nanowires of Zn2SiO4 and SnO2 have been successfully synthesized using a simple novel method namely thermal ramping technique. The technique applies thermal ramping of the sample to a temperature of 900 oC using carbothermal reduction method. This technique requires no carrier gas. Elemental analysis and crystal structure were evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) , Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction(XRD) analysis. Nanowires of SnO2 and Zn2SiO4 with diameter ranging from 15-25 nm were observed. The effect of Au thickness in synthesizing Zn2SiO4 is also discussed.

Abstract
The effects of buffer gas pressure, electrical input power and pulse repetition frequency on the output power of 510.6- and 578.2nm transitions have been experimentally investigated in a copper vapor laser with small-bore tube (11mm of diameter and 580mm of length). It is observed that the output power characteristics are strongly influenced by these parameters. A maximum output power of laser is obtained at about 4W with 27 kHz of pulse repetition frequency, 30 torr of Ne buffer gas pressure and 1.42kW of electrical input power. The waveforms of the current, tube voltage and laser pulses have also been observed.

Abstract
FePt nanoparticles attract great research interest for possible application to ultrahigh density magnetic recording media. In this paper, FePt magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by superhydride reduction of FeCl2 and Pt(acac)2 at high temperature. Adding superhydride (LiBEt3H) to the phenyl ether solution of FeCl2 and Pt(acac)2 in the presence of oleic acid, oleylamine, and 1,2-hexadecanediol at 200 °C, followed by refluxing at 250 °C, led to monodisperse 3 nm FePt nanoparticles. The effect of reflux process on the size and uniformity of FePt nanoparticles has been investigated. TEM images showed that the size of FePt nanoparticles increase to 4 nm with reflux process and the standard deviation of FePt nanoparticles increase to 10 % which lead to improve the uniformity of FePt nanoparticles. The results of EDS analysis showed that the Fe shell around FePt nanoparticles increase with increasing reflux time and the composition of FePt nanoparticles gives Fe68Pt32 after 10 min reflux.

Abstract
T Meteor is a luminous effect, light is created as the rocky body is frictionally heated to incandescence when entering Earth's atmosphere. The ionized trails of the meteor are also capable of reflecting radio signals from terrestrial stations, which include those broadcasted by commercial FM and TV stations. For this research, 3 sites are identified as candidates but only the best will ultimately be utilized to do the research. The selection criterion depends on the radio frequency interference (RFI) level and whether they have any free FM frequency from local radio stations. The 3 sites are Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan, Behrang in Perak and Merang in Terengganu. The best site is Behrang and the average floor noise level at this site within the FM frequencies of 88 MHz to 108 MHz is -97.111 dBm. The average number of meteor detections in the span of three days is 48 meteors per day. A number of 50 underdense and 38 overdense meteor trails are detected for the first day.

Abstract
In this Paper, the nonlinear free and force vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with simply supported ends is investigated based on von Karman’s geometric nonlinearity. The SWCNT described as an individual shell and the Donnell’s equations of cylindrical shells are used to obtain the governing equations. The Galerkin's procedure is used to discretized partial differential equations of the governing into the ordinary differential equations of motion. The method of averaging is applied to analyze the nonlinear vibration of (10, 0), (20, 0) and (30, 0) zigzag SWCNTs in the analytical calculations. The effects of the nonlinear parameters, different aspect ratios, different circumferential wave numbers and longitudinal half-wave numbers are investigated. Both free and forced motions (due to harmonic excitation) are considered. It is shown that (30, 0) zigzag SWCNT has less nonlinear behavior than the other CNTs for a constant aspect ratio. The type of nonlinearity is determined by the aspect ratio. It is seen from the results that for Small values of aspect ratios, the vibration behavior is softening type for the low amplitudes, and it is hardening type for the large amplitudes. And for large value of the aspect ratio, the vibration behavior is hardening type for all amplitudes.

Abstract
Organic coatings play an important role in preventing the metal substrate from the adverse effects of corrosion. Coatings are developed by single polymeric resins and or a combination of resins with or without pigments Silicone resin (S2) and polyester resin (P2) was used to develop binders with different weight ratios. Polyisocyanate was used as the curing agent. Physical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties were studied. The maximum value 5B has been attained by the S240P260 and S250P250 coatings. The binders containing 40% S2 and 70% P2 and 50% S2 and 50% P2 showed high performance compared to the samples containing 20, 30, 70 and 80% of S2 40% P2 resin with S2 resins withstood temperatures up to 448 K for 24 hours and from the potential time measurement it has been found that S240P260 could withstand without any formation of corrosion for a longer time.

Abstract
There have been fundamental changes in management since 1950, and these changes are still affecting enterprises around the glob. Quality as the main issue of these changes has received special consideration. The European foundation for quality management (EFQM) was established in 1988 in order to achieve quality leadership and continuous improvement. EFQM is a model which is designed for all kinds of organization and with utilizing self assessment as a strategic tool helps companies to identify their weaknesses, strengths and areas of improvement. This paper reviews some of the studies conducted in developing countries about applying EFQM in enterprises with special attention to small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to find whether EFQM model have been successful in building winning and efficient organizations in developing countries. Due to the situation of global market and competitive environment, SMEs in developing countries realized that they need to have a proper quality model in order to recognize their weaknesses and strengths, and the areas of their improvement to be able to compete in the international market. The results indicates EFQM gives better outcome for private organizations in comparison with public organizations and the best excellence model which fits developing countries’ SMEs is EFQM model.

Abstract
The growing of global trade and sales activity in the global market cause the increasing attention to the variables effect on firm export performance. However, despite a lot published about determinants of firm export performance, the literatures are characterized by the lack of consensus among researchers as to what constitutes export marketing strategy of firm export performance. As a result, this study reviews the articles published between 1993 and 2010 assesses the effect of export marketing strategy elements on firm export performance. Based upon a comprehensives and systematic literature study, a synthesized model which can be apply for understanding export marketing strategy influence on export to enhance the firm export performance will be eventually designed. In this study the export marketing strategy are classified to price strategy, product strategy, promotion strategy, place strategy. Later, the results of previous studies about detailed analysis on dimensions of export marketing strategy and the relationship between export marketing strategy and firm export performance are mentioned. In addition, a proposed conceptual framework is developed for the researchers who are interested to evaluate this issue in further research.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between emotional intelligence and forgiveness with marital satisfaction. The sample of this research was 200 Iranian married couples whom were randomly selected for investigation. SPSS was used to analyze the data. All respondents completed questionnaires which comprised of 3 parts (Marital Satisfaction, Enrich; Forgiveness family questionnaire, FFS; Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and EIQ). The research shows that there are significant relation between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction as well as significant relation between forgiveness and marital satisfaction. So the hypothesis 4 and 6 were confirmed, but based on the finding of this research the hypothesis 1, 2, 3 and 5 were not confirmed.

Abstract
We measured full energy peak efficiency of High-Purity Germanium detector which is important for gamma-ray spectrometry experiments. A brief but very effective description on the basic formation of detector crystal and creation of signal pulse has been presented here. This article is furnished in such a way that the contents find useful and interesting to physics and electronics students, educators, and also researchers who are generally reading outside their specialties to broaden their understanding of physics and to expand and enhance their pedagogical toolkits at the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Abstract
The dynamical tensoproperties of simples Si , Si , Si and Si at temperatures Т=293К and Т=273К are investigated. The strongly increasing of dynamical tensosensitivity these specified simples at speed of change of pressure P\t >108 Pa/s in comparison with their statistical tensosensitivities is shown.

Abstract
X-ray powder diffraction data for a new Cadmium Zinc Tellurium compound synthesized by Bridgman technique is reported. The unit cell dimensions were determined from diffractometer methods using CuK radiation, and the indexing programs. The cubic phase was the sole crystalline phase which detected by X-ray diffraction analysis in the Cd0.29Zn0.71Te sample with lattice constants of a= 6.26218(34) Å, The results are in agreement with those obtained from cadmium Zinc tellurium (Cd0.4Zn0.6Te) PDF carte number (50-1438).