Published Articles Archive

Abstract
This article reviews extant literature in the field of the effective use of public square.This review has been undertaken with a
specific focus on understanding the meaning of „„effective use‟‟ and the factors that work towards effect use in perspective of
square. Starting with a historical overview that provides genesis of this thought, the review moves into analysis of current
definitions of „„effective use‟‟. After providing a thorough picture of effective use, the article deals with physical factors. At
various points in the article and at the end, future research directions that follow the relevant sections are discussed as
propositions.

Abstract
The study of natural radiation exposure is of importance because it accounts for the largest contribution to the collective dose for the world population from all sources. Extent of exposure to natural radiation depends on the occupation, type of dwelling, location of habitation, and lifestyle of the population. All building materials contain various amounts of natural radionuclides as they are derived from the rocks and soils, which always contain natural radionuclides of Uranium (238).

Abstract
The public is more and more demanding sustainable solutions. In case of mobility, consumers have experienced turbulent years regarding the change in economic stability, showing it in rapidly changing fuel prices, energy costs, or in general, prices for any goods and resources. Mobility and the ability to stay mobile is a driver for today’s economy. People move to go to their work, goods and resources move around the globe to reach their customers. Thinking of restricted mobility capabilities may constitute an unpleasant scenario with serious consequences to common wealth. It is thus not surprising that the call for sustainable mobility, new concepts and technologies that are environmental friendly, economical and respect social values is more evident than ever. This paper discusses some of the current trends for mobility with a focus on their potential sustainable performance.

Abstract
This review intended to update the results of combination two burst, type III and V in one solar flare event. Magnetic reconnection of both burst will be explained theoretically. Both bursts are found on 19th September 2011 associated with C-class flares on active region 1295. We concentrate on the mechanism of evolution the bursts which play a role in the event. It is found that type V burst appeared with five second after type III. There are a few sunspot regions on the solar disk but most are magnetically simple and have remained rather quiet. An interpretation of this new result depends critically on the number of sunspot and the role of active region 1295. Sunspot number is increases up to 144 with seven sunspots can be observed. During that event, the speed of solar wind exceeds 433.8 km/second with 2.0 g/cm3 density of proton in solar corona. Currently, radio flux is also high up to 150 sfu. Solar flare type C6 is continuously been observed in x-ray region for 24 hours since 1541 UT and a maximum C1 is detected on 1847 UT. Although the sources of both bursts are same, the direction and ejection explode differently. It is believed that the ejection of particles in type III burst is more compare type V. In summary, the behavior of type III should be critically understood in order to predict the formation of type V burst.

Abstract
One of most important discussion in consumer behavior and marketing sciences is choice of product and buying behavior.
Most behavioral researchers make an effort to make in behavior models. In this research, the effect of situational variables
(time available, money available) on impulse buying investigated among different ethnics in Malaysia. These variables
influenced to urge to buy impulsivity & at last this variable influenced to impulse buying. Data were collected in Malaysia
(Chinese, Indians, Malay people). In this study, Path Analysis used to measure effect of variables. A descriptive statistics
(Frequencies, Means, and Standard deviations) is used to describe the quantitative data. For measuring the validity and
reliability of items, we used CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and Alpha Cronbach Coefficient respectively. Results
revealed that the situational variables (money available and Time available) were influence to the felt urge to buy impulsively
and impulse buying. Beside that positive effect has mediating role between situation variables and impulse buying.

Abstract
Information Technology Infrastructure Capability (ITIC) is said to play a significant role in management. As a significant
contribution to a firm’s long-term success, ITI has burst as a major antecedent of organizational performance. The
development of the basic ITI in management is therefore easily forgotten. Most managers think that the ITI is a separate
component of management, but ITI must be placed beside other parts such as finance, marketing, human resource and so on
in order to advance the managing. Yet, there is little research that focuses on how availability and use of ITI enable or
constrain management. To explore this, we conducted a study and described the availability of ITI and its use in management
efforts. In this study the ITI literature in management will be reviewed and furnished, theoretically, followed by posing
discussions on different aspect of ITI. A review on the role of Infrastructure commences in advance, and afterwards, the
concepts and components of ITI literature will be provided and it continues with ITIC. The paper finds that the literature
offers a comprehensive, yet fragmented, picture of ITIC in management and its improvement ways.

Abstract
Assessment has played a major role in family systems work. Assessment methods can apply as a guide in order to understand
of functioning patterns in family unit by family counselors. The assessment process is an essential step in guiding decisions
regarding the suitable interventions strategies. This paper reviews the different literature of assessment methods in family
counseling, consequently explained, and compared the various models of marriage, couple and family assessments.

Abstract
First light detection of solar burst type IV in Malaysia in the region of 260 MHz till 380 MHz has been successfully detected on 5th March 2012. This significant solar burst variations is associated with solar flare type M level 2.0 occurred from 0412UT. Due to the effect, strong bursts that caused by extraordinary solar flares due to magnetic reconnection effect potentially induced in the near-Earth magneto tail. One possible reason behind the formation of this very complex long duration of this loop is the magnetic reconnection and disruption of the loops which is observed during flare maximum. Sunspot 1429 active region was a site of several intense in several days. In Malaysia, monitoring solar burst in radio region is just in beginning by involved the project under International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) since 2011. We also analyzed multi wavelength observation from different sites as continuity of the phenomenon. Observations presented in this paper confirmed that Malaysia can be one of the potential countries to focus on solar monitoring solar radio emission at low- broadband frequency (45-870) MHz using ground-based telescope due to 12 hours per day throughout a year.

Abstract
Slide zones under title erosion types related to more active tectonic factors for example stream length-gradient (Sl),ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basin shape (Bs), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), drainage basin asymmetry (Af) and hypsometric integral (Hi). This research is noticeable comparison produce slide zones by Nilsen. The active tectonic zones produce from Smf index under title one of the important active tectonic factors. Determination landform of geometry or morphometry factors is the one of best method for study and evaluation active tectonic. The first provided Dem maps in GIS software by topography, geology, tectonic maps participant with field activities. Then provided active tectonic map by Smf index into three class A, B, C and landslide hazard zonation map into five class stable zone, generally stable zone, stable moderately stable zone, moderately un-stable zone and talented to liquefaction zone. Comparison and conformity landslide hazard zonation map with hazard zonation into Smf index showed about percent 71(51120 hectare) moderately unstable zone and talented for liquefaction zone settled in A zone Smf map and percent 29 (20880 hectare) remained settled sequential percent 18 (12960 hectare) and percent 11 (7920 hectare) in B, C zone of hazard zonation active tectonic produce from Smf index. In other word in research showed relationship landslide zones produce landslide hazard zonation by Nilsen to active tectonic zones by Smf index in the study region.

Abstract
This article describes signal detection by Log-Periodic Dipole-Antenna (LPDA) which designed for solar monitoring with very high-performance in 45 MHz till 870 MHz. The LPDA, consisting of 19-elements, achieves a gain higher than 10 dBi with low noise amplifier. It has successfully setup at National Space Centre, Banting on 15th February 2012. Our objective in this work is to detect any signal at National Space Centre, Sg. Lang, Selangor which connected with CALLISTO spectrometer. Detailed analysis also revealed the interference sources that caused interruption of solar signal. Specific range of frequency that considered a minimum Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) also has been done. We found that high level interference is received from FM-band (80 MHz – 108 MHz), from VHF-band and from UHF-band. In the UHF-band, we could recognize (beside a lot of analog-TV) two (2) DVB-T channels between 650 MHz and 700 MHz. The ‘comb’ of signals proves that the whole system is working correctly with good sensitivity. This feature can be used to check the system as part of periodic maintenance. Beside the established detection techniques, some improvization of LPDA is also highlighted. The noise floor at all frequencies below 3 dB is in fact not noise, but represents standing waves due to the fact that the LPD antenna is not matched to the 50Ω coaxial cable due to the small size of boom’s diameter. Total sensitivity can be improved by impedance matching of antenna and coaxial cable.

Abstract
The relationships between solar activities (sunspots, solar 10.7cm radio flux, solar irradiance, and solar proton events) and local earthquakes investigated in this paper. The geographical location of study is New Zealand area. All earthquakes data have been chosen for , from first of 1970 to Jun 2012. The study reveals the following conclusions: 1) The total numbers of earthquakes strongly show annually an increasing in number of earthquakes in New Zealand from 42 years ago. 2) The maximum earthquakes occur frequently around the minimum years of solar activities, 3) The maximum earthquakes occurs in minimum years of sunspots number with a good correlation coefficient. 4) The maximum earthquakes occur in the minimum solar  cm radio flux with strong correlation coefficient.

Abstract
In medical imaging, to make better images there are some measures such as detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) used to evaluate the image quality of each imaging system. Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is one of the important measures in the assessment of image quality and detector performance. DQE of two types of screen-films namely Lanex Regular/T-Mat G/RA and Lanex Regular/T-Mat L/RA were determined using MTF and NPS data, separately. Moreover, gamma was calculated from characteristic curves for each screen film and photon flounce was estimated using published literature. DQE of the screen-films were computed for three optical densities 0.7, 1.0 and 1.4. The results show Lanex Regular/T-Mat G has better DQE than Lanex Regular/T-Mat L -especially at low frequency with higher contrast for diagnostic radiology purposes.

Abstract
Recently, one of the most debated topics in management literature is open innovation. However, there are still many
questions about open innovation that are not answered. Effective management of innovation requires openness in multiple
senses, including openness to ambiguity, openness for new ideas, and an open policy regarding the origin and destination of
ideas for commercialization. Studies show that, firms following open innovation recognize the value of external inputs into
the process of new product development and seek to utilize these inputs internally. Additionally, it is important to investigate
several types of new product successes as open innovation may have influenced the success in different ways. Therefore, this
study focuses on the four distinct stages of the new product process for measuring factors of new product development
success: Planning, Development, Marketing and Commercialization. It is found that organizational structural dimensions play
important role in the success of NPD process in open innovation environment. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is
proposed.

Abstract
Two gold vapor laser tubes with different lengths of 60 and 75 cm and identical diameter of 16 mm were used to investigate the behavior of inverse voltage on thyratron’s anode in the excitation circuit, versus operationl parameters such as buffer gas pressure and electrical input voltage. It was shown that, the inverse voltage on thyratron’s anode decreases with increasing of the buffer gas pressure and so electrical input voltage, individually. By optimization of these operational parameters, the lifetime of thyratron will be increased.

Abstract
In this journal article counselor has discussed the use of Existential Approach in treating a client who has been diagnosed as
depression with faulty-self talk which lead to serious self-harming behavior. In this approach and therapy session client was
thought to learn to live as a fully functioning person by leading her to find the meaning of life, plus a few techniques are
adopted in this case such as self-talk, homework and creating new meaning. Overall eight sessions and follow up’s ensured
the client is able to cope with and change the irrational thoughts as well as to perform positive thoughts and behaviors in her
future.

Abstract
The business performance and economic profit of the firm can be summarized in market share. One of the most important
aims of firms is to enhance market share to achieve greater scale in its operations and improve profitability. Due to this,
managers always want to expand their market share. Market share responds to elements of marketing strategy and one of the
important items that affect market share is elements of the marketing mix. The main purpose of this research is to study the
marketing mix influences on market share of polymer sheets manufactures firms in Iran. The result of this study concluded
that product strategy, promotion strategy, pricing strategy and place strategy are important elements to increase the market
share. Thus, the sub-elements of each of the strategies such as product variety, product quality, after-sale service and product
specification (referring to color or size) which are under product strategy; pricing, period of payment, offer of discounts,
which are under the pricing strategy; attendance in trade fair, practicing direct marketing, hiring experience and educated sale
staff, that come under promotion strategy; having safety stock, on-time delivery, and placing of the storeroom in place
strategies which are under the place strategy is important sub-elements to be observed in increasing the share market.

Abstract
The world in its globalizing posture reflects on mobility of capital, labor and goods across national boundaries expressed in entrepreneurial effort of both developed and developing countries. Global economic crisis in an era of government-led privatization and promotion of entrepreneurial spirit in SMEs may throw most developing countries in economic and financial stagnation faster because of their vulnerability. This paper contends that the world has become a single system and entrepreneurial development in these emerging economies will suffer a great setback faster if it is not followed with strong policies, awareness, training along with supporting institutions amid National Reserves of most poor and fragile countries which are held by the same west whose economies are also in danger. The paper recommends that entrepreneurship as an engine of growth should be given strong support by both government and lending financial institutions in developing economies to be well-strengthened to remain viable within certain limits of any global economic crisis.

Abstract
One kind of steering systems in vehicles is Steering by Wire (SBW). Control and stability of this method are important issues. In fact the SBW system is very suitable for Four Wheel Steering systems. In this paper the SBW used for Four Wheel Steering system to take result. The effect of 4ws on turning is shown. When a 4ws system turns at low speed, the rear Wheels steer in the opposite direction as the front wheels, so that the maneuverability and parking of the system increases. At higher speed the rear wheels steer in the same direction as the front wheels, so that more stability and less lateral rear force are resulted. In this paper, a bicycle model is used for dynamic modeling for testing the stability and controllability. This model is built with the assumption theorem. Steer by wire is used for steering the rear and front wheels. The lateral rear force is estimated with a Hall Effect sensor.

Abstract
This article presents and discusses the results obtained from a convenience sample, using the snowball technique, of 35
Portuguese spinal cord injured persons, of any level, both genders and age between 18 and 55. Individual responses to 1 open
question: “What is the impact of the injury in your affective relationship? Through the collection of individual data we have
elaborated significant categories, thus constituting the group’s discourse: Changes that require the reformulation of the
affective relationship; Instability installed in the relationship and Comparing pre-injury. The main results emerged from the
Grounded Analysis methodology and allowed the access to relevant issues, such as weakening the self-confidence, partner’s
decreased sexual interest, instability, and fear of abandonment. These concerns expressed the influence that the injury had on
the construction of the subjects’ perception of their affective relationship.

Abstract
The raising sustainability awareness of consumers has brought the discourse about environmental impacts of products into pulic discourse. Industry has had to respond to this demand for sustainable products. Among the different customers groups, teenagers play a considerable role: Sustainability is particularly important for the younger generations. Children and teenagers of today are going to have to cope with the consequences of negligence of previous and current generations in protecting the environmental and social situation. It is thus important to understand how children and teenagers perceive the problem, and how they will act as consumers in the future. This paper discusses a project where teenagers were surveyed to find out about the importance of sustainability and quality aspects of products. Electronic entertainment products and clothing products were considered as it is assumed that teenagers mostly spend their pocket money for these two branches of products.