Published Articles Archive

Abstract
This paper investigates the roles of regulatory focus and authenticity in the emotional responses to frustration of relational and independent self-aspects in Turkey, where both relational and independent self-aspects are becoming equally important among the educated-urbanized population. The suggested model that proposes authenticity mediates the relationship between promotion focus and emotional responses to independent self-frustration, and between prevention focus and emotional responses to relational self-frustration is tested on self-reported data collected from university students (N = 317). The results showed that promotion focus predicted directly emotional responses to frustration of independent self-aspect, while prevention focus directly predicted emotional responses to frustration of relational self-aspect. Surprisingly, authenticity was found to mediate the relationship between promotion focus and emotional responses to frustration of relational self-aspect. These results suggest that relational goals such as safeguarding the interests of significant others may be regulated not only by prevention strategies, but also by such promotion strategies, through perceived authenticity.

Abstract
The research was based on experimental method and pre-test and post-test with control group has been used. So, among
female students with related parameters to participate in the research just 50 ones were choice. Three practice sessions per
week for 20 were determined for each three groups. Both experimental and control groups participated in neurofeedback
learning sessions (promoting the Alpha wave, Alpha-Theta protocol) in addition to school practices. However, experimental
group received real feedbacks and also similar implementation process for simulated neurofeedback group, there is no
relationship between these feedbacks and neuro-activities. Standard school rules used to estimate the students record.
Additionally, their changes studied and compared in these two stages. Compared to other groups, increasing the mean of
records in real neurofeedback group significantly presented as the result of analysis the unilateral covariance (p

Abstract
Current theory has it that as light passes from one medium to another, that it is the change in velocity that ‘causes’ the light to be refracted entering the new medium at a different angle, also known as the Huygens principle. Evidence however proves this to be in error, since light’s velocity (by common knowledge) changes in the normal as well as by refraction, nor will it refract in the normal.  A change in density affects velocity, and only velocity. While a change in direction is accomplished by angular deviation, by the angle of incidence at which each separate wavelength strikes the surface out of the normal.

Abstract
In this paper the existence of positive solutions for a class of  p-Laplacian boundary value system is studied.  In recent years, boundary value problem have received a lot of attention. The fixed point theorems in cones  is our main tools to prove the existence of solutions. I provide sufficient conditions under which these systems has positive solutions. I establish some propositions to prove the existence of positive solutions for these equation.

Abstract
The problem of motion of a planet or an asteroid in the gravity field of the Sun is considered with allowance for translational motion of the Solar System through the static ether. An algorithm for calculating the perihelion motion during the single orbit is found. The orbit of a planet within the framework of the classical mechanics is motionless. However, slow precession of classical planetary orbits is found in observational astronomy. The new algorithm takes into account not only the orbit geometry, but also its spatial orientation. Based on the observational data for perihelion drifts of Mercury, Earth, and Mars, the value and direction of the absolute velocity of the Sun are determined. These results are in agreement with the experimental data by Miller. Strong anomaly for the motion of the asteroid Aten is predicted. Modern techniques of practical astronomy make it possible to verify this forecast.

Abstract
3C-Silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are fabricated to study the 3C-SiC/SiO2 interface using standard hi-low capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) methods. Devices are fabricated on an n-type 3C-SiC epilayer grown on a (100) oriented silicon (Si) substrate. Dry oxidation is done at different temperatures (1200oC - 1400oC) to grow the oxide layer. The 1300oC as-oxidized device gives the lowest Dit of 5.8x1011eV-1cm-2 at 0.25eV away from the conduction band (CB) edge. SIMS and AFM analyses of the devices have shown that there is no detrimental effect of high temperature oxidation on the oxide stoichiometry and surface roughness.

Abstract
Here arise the problems of modern physics that theories at the quantum scales have been discontinued. Therefore we should pass through the quantum scales and review phenomena at the sub quantum levels. The question is where to enter the sub quantum levels? Answer is; open a new window for massive photons. The reason this answer is that although there are theoretical reasons to accept that the photon is a massless particle. The massless particle is an assumption, also a long series of very different experiments lead to the current experimental upper bound on the photon mass greater than zero. In this article, we analyzed that c is the edge of visible and invisible particles such as virtual photons and graviton. It leads us passing the real spacetime and enter into the virtual spacetime and describe interactions between real spacetime and virtual spacetime and reach to non-obvious space.

Abstract
The purpose of this brief extension is reporting the exact results, by introduction a correlation factor, for the dissipative system which consisting of a particle in one-dimension coupled to a sum of an infinite number of harmonic oscillators.

Abstract
The mechanism of the femtosecond spin dynamics is still not properly understood. The remodeled Bloch-Schrödinger equation was incorporated into the Hamiltonian. The mechanism of the femtosecond dynamics was investigated under three quantum states. The spin relaxation mechanism operated in a single continuous time scale (>70ps) which was in variance with known postulate. The transient reflectivity was measured to be within an angular range of 18.6o to 90.0o at a pulse range of 1MHz to 6.5 MHz.  Beyond the pulse intensity of -2.5, the system elapsed into a quasi-equilibrium state which explains the independence of the magnetic moment on the pulse intensity. Different possibilities of the femtosecond spin dynamics were worked out for future study.

Abstract
In this paper, we present the features of the equatorial F-region current systems over equatorial Africa during nighttime on 05thAugust, 2001 observed at midnight. The observations have inferred from in situ CHAMP satellite measurements of the vector magnetic field. The magnitudes of the current along all the three magnetic field components of the Earth’s magnetic field varied considerably. The Bx-component recorded a diamagnetic effect of about 8nT, By-component recorded a current density of 5mA/m, and Bz-component reached a value of 3mA/m. The F-region dynamo, gravity dynamo and plasma-pressure gradients are the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of these currents. The signatures confined to the equatorial region bounded by the Appleton anomaly.

Abstract
In this paper, an experimental investigation into titanium (Ti) / aluminium (Al)-based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) has been presented. Electrical characterisation of the fabricated contacts showed that metal structures with an initial Ti layer yielded the lowest specific contact resistance (ρc), with a mean value of 3.7×10-5 Ω-cm2 being achieved after annealing in argon (Ar) at 1000°C for 2 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis illustrated the epitaxial relationship between the 4H-SiC and the as-deposited Ti layer, and, in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, showed that after annealing a ~5 nm thick layer of Ti3SiC2 was present, epitaxially arranged with the 4H-SiC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the presence of the Ti3SiC2 metallic phase was more prevalent in the samples with Ti as the initial metal layer annealed at 1000°C, which corresponded with lower specific contact resistance. Fitting of experimental data to a thermionic field emission (TFE) model allowed the Schottky barrier height to be extracted; it was found that the lowest Schottky barrier heights were more prevalent where the most intense Ti3SiC2 phases were observed during XRD analysis.

Abstract
The oscillations in interlayer exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers which are Separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer, manifests n oscillatory magnetic properties which depend on the thickness of Copper interlayer. Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy system. We have made multilayer films with alternating cobalt and copper thin films. The preliminary results are reported on microstructure and magnetization properties. The conductance between first and third film depends on the relative orientation of magnetization between them. This optimizes to large magneto resistance changes called Giant Magneto-resistance effect.

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is calculation of deposited energy and as a result evaluation of stopping range of the ionic beams of carbon, deuteron and proton. The deposited energy is the function of two parameters: (a) beam energy and (b) electron temperature. Also the stopping range depends on the temperature, ionic beam energy and density of fuel pellet. Our calculations show that with decreasing the stopping range of particle, the deposited energy is enhanced. In the same temperature and fuel density, carbon has less stopping range and more deposited energy but higher energy is needed to accelerate the beam , this causes carbon has less energy than others. However, deuteron has more stopping range and deposited energy in comparison with carbon also it has better beam gain in comparison with carbon. Stopping range and proton beam gain respect to the other fuels is placed in lower level , but the low threshold intensity to accelerate it, cause it obtain the high gain. The optimum beam gain of the proton is 150 while it is 75 for deuteron and 1 for carbon. The fuel geometry must be considered for more studies in order to increase the beam gain.

Abstract
This paper suggested a mechanism for Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R); the mechanism is based on the Flip-Flop (F-F) of combined Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) and Electric Field (EF) produced by energetic charged particles, the action released the EM-R; while as the F-F generates EM-R, it is also achieved within specific Flipping Time (tF), the inverse of which is the Flipping Frequency (fF), the model is compared with Maxwell’s two transformations to elaborate differences and characteristics, hence when EM-R is better understood, that will reflect on the physical world and related human ideas and philosophies.

Abstract
Loschmidt's number has played an important role in the development of science and technology and in the establishment of various standards. However, despite advances in the technological methods of estimating Loschmidt's number, the nature of its formation remains unknown. The information that lies in the nature of this constant can be useful for understanding the properties of a physical vacuum and the character of processes of the interaction of matter in this environment. Basing on time and experiment-tested the laws of molecular physics and thermodynamics, some features of the host medium of micro-particles involved in the formation of Loschmidt’s number were identified, describing its nature and the previously unknown phenomena of fundamental pressure of a Universe. The characteristics of various physical and chemical processes occurring in systems associated with a vacuum and the behavior of heavenly bodies are considered from the perspective of this phenomenon’s existence.

Abstract
Since marital satisfaction is an important factor to have a life in peace. Thus, to study the state of couple's satisfaction, is so necessary. In this research, a survey containing of 20 both blind couples, 20 both sighted couples, 20 couples with blind man and sighted woman and 10 couples with blind woman and sighted man according to educational level, duration of common life and the economic situation under the purposive sampling is selected from all the blind and sighted couples of Tehran city. After collecting the data, it was studied by one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent (t) test. According to the result of the total average of couples, it does not have any big difference with 95%. Only in 3 subsets of common life, personal behaviours plus communicational and social behaviours, couples with man or woman blind is higher than couples who are both blind or able to see. The same situation of marital satisfaction represented probably the state of blindness is not the main cause of couple's satisfaction.

Abstract
This paper aims to define Conscious Psychological Balance as an essential dimension of mental health. This type of Balance is a product of self-regulatory processes providing productivity and satisfaction. Self-regulatory processes such as resilience are based on cognitive, emotional and behavioral strengths, and should happen adequately within time and different contexts. The concept of Balance emphasizes justice implicitly. This definition is constructed by the comparison of the ideas of different pioneer thinkers in psychology and other disciplines. There are great similarities between the definitions of positive mental health and psychological balance on the subjective and functional aspects of mental health. However, Balance perspective draws attention to a holistic perspective on mental health and can contribute to prevent social problems by emphasizing justice.

Abstract
This paper present a studies of magnetic multilayer structure and a key advantage of Molecular Beam Epitaxy preparation technique, and additional epitaxial over layers to study interlayer exchange coupling and the resulting reduction of growth induced defect are discussed.

Abstract
In this work, the performance of fusion reactor ITER90H-P with considering D–T and D-3He fuels are examined by writing the dynamics equations on the system reactor. Therefore, we solve these equations analytically in the steady state. In this state we determine the optimum conditions for achieving the maximum fusion gain .In addition, we ignore the impurities because we need to high performance points without impurities. Our calculations in this paper show that we have maximum fusion gain for DT and D-3He fusion reactions in steady state at resonance temperature Kev70 for D-T fusion reaction respectively .Their maximum values of fusion gain are equal to 6.01 for D-T fuel-andthe0.012 for D-3He, respectively. Therefore, currently, using D-3He as a fusion fuel is not recommended.

Abstract
Phosphorous passivation of the interface (4H-SiC/SiO2) improves interface trap density (Dit) from 1013 eV-1cm-2 to 2×1012eV-1cm-2 at 0.2eV  below the conduction band edge of 4H-SiC. Due to the formation of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) layer during P passivation, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOS-Cs) are highly unstable. Under bias-temperature stress (BTS) there is very large shift in the flatband voltage, VFB, (independent of the bias polarity) of MOS-Cs. In this paper we proposed a new method to improve the stability of these devices. The PSG layer formed after passivation is etched-off in buffered oxide etch (BOE) and then capped with deposited oxide. Devices fabricated with this process showed Dit of 4x1012eV-1cm-2, and are stable after BTS test performed at 150oC, +1.5MV/cm. This value of Dit is as good as the-state-of-the-art NO/N2O passivated MOS-C. Also, XPS indicated the presence of P at the interface after etching which explains “NO/N2O –like” Dit for etched PSG MOS-Cs.