Published Articles Archive

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between attachment to parents and same ages with the autonomy of adolescents. Two
hundred and fifty secondary school students (125 girls and 125 boys) were completed questionnaires about the attachment of
parents and same ages and adolescences autonomy questionnaire. Results showed that attachment to parents and same ages
among adolescent girls in relationships are meaningful. The attachment to parents and same ages is higher in adolescent girls
in comparison with boys. But autonomy in boys and girls are not different from each other.

Abstract
Day by day, the number of companies and people engaged in E-commerce is increased as a result of the significant benefits
provided by this commerce for consumers, companies and society. Achieving privacy and security of all E-commerce
partners helps to overcome the obstacles and remove many of the concerns especially that related to financial transactions
security on the Internet. This paper aims to explore the E-commerce reality and discuss the main issues that have received
and is still receiving a lot of controversy, and that have to be considered by different parties to develop and promote such
commerce. It also demonstrates the future of E-commerce in spite of these issues challenges. It is obvious that E-commerce
will continue to grow in spite of barriers and rising threats.

Abstract
The main objective of this article was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and techniques
especially designed for anxiety in cancer patient who was schedule for chemotherapy treatment. The techniques used in this
CBT counseling sessions are: cognitive restructuring, homework, problem solving, and mindfulness-based approach
(acceptance and commitment). The approaches was used because the counselor want to guide and approaches the client in
dealing anxiety by using some techniques that can change her thought, feeling and behavioral; and make her feel better in
her daily life along the cancer treatment. This approach's' is a new technique use for cancer patients in Malaysia. But it was
successfully used by some other researchers in European country.

Abstract
Productivity is a major factor for operational management. Applying the productivity tools such as TQM and TPM besides
knowing the productivity value can be two significant approaches that help organizer and policy maker to make strategies for
future. This study has tendency to investigate how the TQM and TPM influence the productivity through the managerial
components, efficiency and effectiveness. Reducing the price, improving the quality, increasing customer and job
satisfaction, promoting the profit and the growth of organization, enhancing outcome and output that leads to raise the
efficiency and effectiveness can be considered the results of implementation of TQM and TPM. The ways as to how the
other productivity tools impact on efficiency and effectiveness can be probed in future studies.

Abstract
Information technology is the main item for improve the firm performance for organizations. On the basis of the resourcebased
view, this paper investigates relationship between Information Technology (IT) investments and firm performance. The
research assesses whether innovation is moderated by firm growth and this study investigated the mediation effects of
innovation on IT’s impact on firm performance. A set of hypotheses rooted in the resource-based view theories of the firm
was created and empirically tested. Survey email invitation approach was employed to send a letter of invitation to 1,100
potential participants at 300 firms to participate in the study. To analyze the data, both mediated regression and hierarchical
linear regression models were utilized; and following controlling for firm growth. The results of this study indicate that IT
increases the innovation of the firm. Innovation improves firm performance in terms of financial and operational. Results also
indicate that IT’s impact on innovation is significantly moderated by firm growth. Finally, the results indicate that IT’s
impact on firm performance is through innovation. This suggests that firms should consider IT investments that improve the
firm’s capabilities in order to achieve a significant impact on firm performance. The main purpose of this paper is to offer the
new perspectives in illumination how IT can create a sustained competitive advantage for the firm.

Abstract
The term “creativity” refers to a phenomenon whereby a person creates something new that has some kind of
value for other people. This study aims to examine the creative potentiality among both undergraduate and
postgraduate students in higher educational institutions. To this end, a questionnaire survey was stratified
randomly administered to 490 students in four Malaysian public universities namely University of Malaya (UM),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM). The required primary data was collected within two months from October until November 2011. The
main findings of the study showed that, firstly, most of the students stated that universities attempt to improve
creative potential among students and, secondly, the role of knowledge sharing, creative environment and
technology environment, curriculum of the study, team work and level of rock logic are very effective in
improving creative potential. Thirdly, the finding demonstrated that the level of creative potential is satisfactory
in these four Malaysian public universities. It is important for the universities to maintain focusing on creativity
and creative potential and try to further increase the creative potential for improving the self-importance.

Abstract
This article reviews extant literature in the field of the effective use of public square.This review has been undertaken with a
specific focus on understanding the meaning of „„effective use‟‟ and the factors that work towards effect use in perspective of
square. Starting with a historical overview that provides genesis of this thought, the review moves into analysis of current
definitions of „„effective use‟‟. After providing a thorough picture of effective use, the article deals with physical factors. At
various points in the article and at the end, future research directions that follow the relevant sections are discussed as
propositions.

Abstract
One of most important discussion in consumer behavior and marketing sciences is choice of product and buying behavior.
Most behavioral researchers make an effort to make in behavior models. In this research, the effect of situational variables
(time available, money available) on impulse buying investigated among different ethnics in Malaysia. These variables
influenced to urge to buy impulsivity & at last this variable influenced to impulse buying. Data were collected in Malaysia
(Chinese, Indians, Malay people). In this study, Path Analysis used to measure effect of variables. A descriptive statistics
(Frequencies, Means, and Standard deviations) is used to describe the quantitative data. For measuring the validity and
reliability of items, we used CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and Alpha Cronbach Coefficient respectively. Results
revealed that the situational variables (money available and Time available) were influence to the felt urge to buy impulsively
and impulse buying. Beside that positive effect has mediating role between situation variables and impulse buying.

Abstract
Information Technology Infrastructure Capability (ITIC) is said to play a significant role in management. As a significant
contribution to a firm’s long-term success, ITI has burst as a major antecedent of organizational performance. The
development of the basic ITI in management is therefore easily forgotten. Most managers think that the ITI is a separate
component of management, but ITI must be placed beside other parts such as finance, marketing, human resource and so on
in order to advance the managing. Yet, there is little research that focuses on how availability and use of ITI enable or
constrain management. To explore this, we conducted a study and described the availability of ITI and its use in management
efforts. In this study the ITI literature in management will be reviewed and furnished, theoretically, followed by posing
discussions on different aspect of ITI. A review on the role of Infrastructure commences in advance, and afterwards, the
concepts and components of ITI literature will be provided and it continues with ITIC. The paper finds that the literature
offers a comprehensive, yet fragmented, picture of ITIC in management and its improvement ways.

Abstract
Assessment has played a major role in family systems work. Assessment methods can apply as a guide in order to understand
of functioning patterns in family unit by family counselors. The assessment process is an essential step in guiding decisions
regarding the suitable interventions strategies. This paper reviews the different literature of assessment methods in family
counseling, consequently explained, and compared the various models of marriage, couple and family assessments.

Abstract
Recently, one of the most debated topics in management literature is open innovation. However, there are still many
questions about open innovation that are not answered. Effective management of innovation requires openness in multiple
senses, including openness to ambiguity, openness for new ideas, and an open policy regarding the origin and destination of
ideas for commercialization. Studies show that, firms following open innovation recognize the value of external inputs into
the process of new product development and seek to utilize these inputs internally. Additionally, it is important to investigate
several types of new product successes as open innovation may have influenced the success in different ways. Therefore, this
study focuses on the four distinct stages of the new product process for measuring factors of new product development
success: Planning, Development, Marketing and Commercialization. It is found that organizational structural dimensions play
important role in the success of NPD process in open innovation environment. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is
proposed.

Abstract
In this journal article counselor has discussed the use of Existential Approach in treating a client who has been diagnosed as
depression with faulty-self talk which lead to serious self-harming behavior. In this approach and therapy session client was
thought to learn to live as a fully functioning person by leading her to find the meaning of life, plus a few techniques are
adopted in this case such as self-talk, homework and creating new meaning. Overall eight sessions and follow up’s ensured
the client is able to cope with and change the irrational thoughts as well as to perform positive thoughts and behaviors in her
future.

Abstract
The business performance and economic profit of the firm can be summarized in market share. One of the most important
aims of firms is to enhance market share to achieve greater scale in its operations and improve profitability. Due to this,
managers always want to expand their market share. Market share responds to elements of marketing strategy and one of the
important items that affect market share is elements of the marketing mix. The main purpose of this research is to study the
marketing mix influences on market share of polymer sheets manufactures firms in Iran. The result of this study concluded
that product strategy, promotion strategy, pricing strategy and place strategy are important elements to increase the market
share. Thus, the sub-elements of each of the strategies such as product variety, product quality, after-sale service and product
specification (referring to color or size) which are under product strategy; pricing, period of payment, offer of discounts,
which are under the pricing strategy; attendance in trade fair, practicing direct marketing, hiring experience and educated sale
staff, that come under promotion strategy; having safety stock, on-time delivery, and placing of the storeroom in place
strategies which are under the place strategy is important sub-elements to be observed in increasing the share market.

Abstract
The world in its globalizing posture reflects on mobility of capital, labor and goods across national boundaries expressed in entrepreneurial effort of both developed and developing countries. Global economic crisis in an era of government-led privatization and promotion of entrepreneurial spirit in SMEs may throw most developing countries in economic and financial stagnation faster because of their vulnerability. This paper contends that the world has become a single system and entrepreneurial development in these emerging economies will suffer a great setback faster if it is not followed with strong policies, awareness, training along with supporting institutions amid National Reserves of most poor and fragile countries which are held by the same west whose economies are also in danger. The paper recommends that entrepreneurship as an engine of growth should be given strong support by both government and lending financial institutions in developing economies to be well-strengthened to remain viable within certain limits of any global economic crisis.

Abstract
This article presents and discusses the results obtained from a convenience sample, using the snowball technique, of 35
Portuguese spinal cord injured persons, of any level, both genders and age between 18 and 55. Individual responses to 1 open
question: “What is the impact of the injury in your affective relationship? Through the collection of individual data we have
elaborated significant categories, thus constituting the group’s discourse: Changes that require the reformulation of the
affective relationship; Instability installed in the relationship and Comparing pre-injury. The main results emerged from the
Grounded Analysis methodology and allowed the access to relevant issues, such as weakening the self-confidence, partner’s
decreased sexual interest, instability, and fear of abandonment. These concerns expressed the influence that the injury had on
the construction of the subjects’ perception of their affective relationship.

Abstract
Globalization is not a new phenomenon. Rather, our world has experienced it since many years ago. This broad concept
casually used to describe a variety of phenomena that reflect increased economic, social and political interdependence of
countries. As many developing countries have participating to globalized world recently, the concerns about globalization
and its impacts on different aspect of life is increased. Looking at the way globalization affects us, there is a need to measure
globalization not only to know the effects of it, but also to manage it. Our study reviews the recent globalization synthetic
indexes, their indicators and methods. In addition, we propose some criteria to compare the indexes. We conclude that
selection of a good globalization index heavily depends on the objectives and sample of the study. The results of this study
provide a guideline for researchers to select best index for their studies or develop new and better measurement.

Abstract
There have been fundamental changes in management since 1950, and these changes are still affecting enterprises around the glob. Quality as the main issue of these changes has received special consideration. The European foundation for quality management (EFQM) was established in 1988 in order to achieve quality leadership and continuous improvement. EFQM is a model which is designed for all kinds of organization and with utilizing self assessment as a strategic tool helps companies to identify their weaknesses, strengths and areas of improvement. This paper reviews some of the studies conducted in developing countries about applying EFQM in enterprises with special attention to small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to find whether EFQM model have been successful in building winning and efficient organizations in developing countries. Due to the situation of global market and competitive environment, SMEs in developing countries realized that they need to have a proper quality model in order to recognize their weaknesses and strengths, and the areas of their improvement to be able to compete in the international market. The results indicates EFQM gives better outcome for private organizations in comparison with public organizations and the best excellence model which fits developing countries’ SMEs is EFQM model.

Abstract
The growing of global trade and sales activity in the global market cause the increasing attention to the variables effect on firm export performance. However, despite a lot published about determinants of firm export performance, the literatures are characterized by the lack of consensus among researchers as to what constitutes export marketing strategy of firm export performance. As a result, this study reviews the articles published between 1993 and 2010 assesses the effect of export marketing strategy elements on firm export performance. Based upon a comprehensives and systematic literature study, a synthesized model which can be apply for understanding export marketing strategy influence on export to enhance the firm export performance will be eventually designed. In this study the export marketing strategy are classified to price strategy, product strategy, promotion strategy, place strategy. Later, the results of previous studies about detailed analysis on dimensions of export marketing strategy and the relationship between export marketing strategy and firm export performance are mentioned. In addition, a proposed conceptual framework is developed for the researchers who are interested to evaluate this issue in further research.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between emotional intelligence and forgiveness with marital satisfaction. The sample of this research was 200 Iranian married couples whom were randomly selected for investigation. SPSS was used to analyze the data. All respondents completed questionnaires which comprised of 3 parts (Marital Satisfaction, Enrich; Forgiveness family questionnaire, FFS; Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and EIQ). The research shows that there are significant relation between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction as well as significant relation between forgiveness and marital satisfaction. So the hypothesis 4 and 6 were confirmed, but based on the finding of this research the hypothesis 1, 2, 3 and 5 were not confirmed.

Abstract
Psychographic segmentation is a crucial strategy on target markets. It is considerable to find out and implement based on consumers’ needs and wants which are changing by socio-economic factors and new technologies as well. The aim of this article is to investigate on preliminary studies about psychographic variables and segmentation as a strategy. Consumers are surrounded by product or service offerings at the markets that each of them has own pros and cons for communicating with the consumers’ psychographic traits. In addition, marketers distinguish the consumers who have similarity and differences as segments for better selling and more profitable product or service on target markets. Therefore, knowing consumers and considering their desires are precisely issues on marketing strategies.