Published Articles Archive

Abstract
The resurgence of voting pattern along ethnic identities during the 2015 presidential election never took an average Nigerian
by surprise. The nature of Nigerian politics has always been premised on primordial factors that keep defining who gets what,
how and when. The paper examines the ethnic colouration in the voting pattern of Nigerians during the election. The paper
employs primordial theory of ethnicity to explain the strength of ethnicity in voting behaviour. The paper exploits qualitative
and quantitative components comprising questionnaire and content analysis of two dailies and review of literature as
secondary data. A sample size of one hundred respondents in Ibadan, Oyo State was analyzed on the considerations such as
ethnic identities: language, religion, region, and custom among those that participated during campaign, those that voted and
those that served as INEC officials. The findings showed that 86.4% of the respondents with Hausa ethnic identity and 72%
of the respondents with Igbo background agreed that some variables such as ethnicity and religion were strong factors that
influenced their voting behaviour in the election.

Abstract
Push-gravity is an alternative theory to General Relativity, which originates back to the time of Newton when scientists Fatio and later Le Sage proposed that gravity was due to an imbalance of continuous and uniform particle streams we cannot see. Today, we know that there exists such a uniform field. Not particles, but cosmic radiation. Thus, in this article, the imbalance push force due to cosmic radiation shielding between objects is derived using antenna theory, i.e. the Friis equation. The push force is tested as the source of gravitation arriving at a condition that v2r must be equal for the orbiting planets for the theory to hold, which is in accordance with Kepler´s third law, i.e. v2r =1.3*1011 (km3/s) for all planets. Based on this result, the cosmic radiation push should be further investigated as the source of gravitation.

Abstract
The chemistry of the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) had been established. However, the explanation on the interplay
between GABA receptors antagonize fundamental concept of the GABAergic Signaling . For example, glutamate spillover
from excitatory afferent terminals leads to the modulation of GABAergic signals. However, this result is true with respect to
GABAB receptors only. The physics of its interplay between the GABA receptors was theoretically investigated using the
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because the proton gradient controls the intermediate energy storage for heat production
and flagellar rotation. The MRI investigation of the GABAergic Signaling is not a new concept in medicine. Molecular
potential in the receptors increases the peak radiofrequency (RF) field (B1) amplitude and the holding potential of the GABA
receptors. The suppressed fluctuation of the GABAergic Signaling was noticed where the receptors are all actively involved
in the GABAergic network. Hence, a dual technique was suggested to detect the suppressed GABAergic state in the human
body.

Abstract
This study examines the influence of parental style and attachment style on the attitude towards divorce among students of
Felix Houphouët-Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan. It is based on a general hypothesis which assumes that these two
styles significantly influence among these students, their attitude toward divorce. To test this hypothesis, we adopted a
quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is the factorial design that allowed forming a final sample of 100
students. These were subjected to a questionnaire research. The counting and processing of data obtained were performed
using the statistical test Chi-square. The results indicate that parenting and attachment style have, each in regard to a direct
positive effect on the attitude towards divorce among subjects in the study.

Abstract
This research intended to determine the quality of grounds for using computer, degree of effectiveness, and obstacles to using
it in the learning process, according to teachers’ viewpoint. The statistical population consisted of all teachers of public
schools in the third district of Tehran, Iran. Participants were 90 teachers, selected by cluster multistage random sampling.
Data was collected by a self-created questionnaire and analyzed by one sample t-test, independent t-test, Anova, Tukey and
Pearson correlation. The results indicated that there are no proper grounds for utilizing computers in Tehran schools.
However, they believe that the effectiveness of using computer in teaching the subjects is high. And also tests showed that
more experienced teachers face more obvious obstacles to using computers for teaching than the less experienced. Finally,
Pearson test revealed that teachers believe there is a strong correlation between the proper use of computers in schools and its
associated learning outcome.

Abstract
The present study Review the effectiveness of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and SQ4R Methods in reducing test
anxiety, increase self-efficacy and academic achievement in high school students Rodhen city in Iran. The sample consisted
of the population of 48 student's randomly selected sampling method and the way randomly in four groups of three
experimental groups and one control group were. The measure was used: test Anxiety Inventory STAI-Y and self-efficacy
Schwartz Scale. For analyzing the data, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used. The results showed that
Cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies and their combination had a significant effect on students' test anxiety and
Self-efficacy scores before and after training. Cognitive strategies, the SQ4R method approaches and their combination had a
significant effect on students' test anxiety and Self-efficacy scores. According to the findings, it seems that the SQ4R method
employed in academic achievement and reduces anxiety has been effective.

Abstract
Infant mortality rates of the most important indicators of the health of any society which is influenced by several factors. Low
birth weight is a major cause of mortality in infants. The present study aimed at examining the biological characteristics,
cognitive and environmental underweight infants’ mothers and mother’s infants with optimal weight. The sample was 400
babies born in Isfahan hospitals in Iran. Sampling stratified according to the population in each of hospitals the was
conducted. In order to gather information on the properties of biological and environmental parental questionnaire for the
first time by Afrooz framed (AMSS). Results showed that the two groups of variables mother education, mother employment
status, blood pressure, birth rank with low weight in birth time there is a significant relationship (p< 0.5) Education to
increase their awareness on the one hand and on the other hand directly on his health, behavior, pregnancy and family's
overall situation, mother employment status that affects a significant effect on birth weight.

Abstract
It seems something that a music listener receives is more emotional than rational. However, in this case, if the listener is an architect, interactions and confrontational effects he can receive which are based on architectural point of view, are closer to the feelings of the composer of the piece of music. In this article, the writer is trying to find out what is the place art of music in the art of architecture and to answer conceptual links between architecture and music have been discussed. Moreover, the process has begun with the aim of establishing a connection between music and architecture, with an emphasis on the recognition of unique characteristics of music and its manifestation in architecture. The result is that architecture and music are both abstract arts and the initial feeling in architecture is meeting needs, but music lays its impact at the moment.

Abstract
Due to a strong need for lane changing, in weaving sections a type of turbulence creates a traffic flow and as a result the speed and the capacity of the weaving section decreases. Therefore, investigation of in this regard seems to be very essential. However, because of the lack of manual control for urban principal arterials, calibration of these models is necessary as well. One of these models that are used to evaluate the level of the weaving sections service is Speed Rates Model which will be elaborated in this paper. The required data have been collected in nine Tehran principal arterials. Then, two models for prediction of weaving and non-weaving speed rates have been developed. Validations also confirm the accuracy of the developed models. The investigation of weaving speed rates reveals that, speed rates for weaving vehicles reduce by increasing weaving density and rates. Also the research on non-weaving speed model shows the speed rates for non-weaving vehicles reduce by increasing weaving density and lane changing rate. Moreover, comparison of the developed model and HCM 2010 for similar condition reveals that the developed models have the predictability more than that of HCM 2010 model.

Abstract
North east of Iran has been of crucial importance compared to other areas due to important routes crossing it. From the perspective of archaeologists, the expansion of regional and trans-regional trade exchanges is an evidence of Bronze Age in Iran. Resistive animals in land trade are of crucial importance. Chariots and wheeled vehicles were important transportation means in Bronze Age. Wheeled chariots became prevalent in north east of Iran and four-wheeled chariots replaced two-wheeled ones over time. At first they were drawn by cow power, but then animals like camels and equids replaced cows. Considering the importance of adequate and appropriate means of transporting goods and trade materials in one hand, and the strategic and special role of the north east of the Iranian Plateau on the other hand, this paper attempts to study and recognize transportation means used in this area in Bronze Age, using archaeological documents and data.

Abstract
The measurement of lead in archaeological bone forms the basis for providing insight into ancient societies, including disease, lifestyle and eating habits. It is sometimes asserted that in the 5th century AD lead toxicity played a key role in the eventual fall of the western Roman Empire. Others view the effect of lead exposure at that time to be less significant. The debate concerns the idea that clinical lead poisoning mainly affected the aristocratic population and caused a strong reduction in fertility and reproduction .Choosing bone over soft tissues or blood for lead measurement is due to the fact that the bone represents a long-term store of a range of elements, including lead, and can survive over many thousands of years. Different elemental analysis techniques both in-vivo and in-vitro have been developed over the years, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the latter being the main technique described within this review. The main advantages of in-vitro techniques are that they have excellent detection limits and data processing times but on the down side they are very expensive. On the other hand, while in-vivo techniques are non-invasive they suffer from relatively poor detection limits, pointing to the need for validation using in-vitro analysis.

Abstract
Among the major changes that occurred in the context of architecture in iron age can mention the construction of columned halls in the ancient East. With the goal of understanding the structure technique and style of columned halls in Iran, Anatolia and the Caucasus between second and first millennium BC , the utilization of columned halls and also the study of influence of columned halls in Iran, Anatolia and Caucasus was researched in the second and first millennium BC. The results of this study, show to the evolution and trends columned halls of the during the second and first millennium BC, also These buildings were used initially for religious and ritual ceremonies, but gradually with the formation of the Apadana pattern, their usage has changed and utilized as a reception and ceremonial hall.

Abstract
By eliminating the need for an absolute frame of reference or ether, Einstein resolved the problem of the constancy of light-speed in all inertial frames but created a new problem in our understanding of time. The resolution of this problem requires no experimentation but only a careful analysis of special relativity, in particular the relativity of simultaneity. This concept is insufficiently relativistic insofar as Einstein failed to recognize that any given set of events privileges the frame in which the events occur; relative to those events, only the privileged frame yields the correct measurement. Instead of equally valid frames occupying different times, one frame is correct and all others incorrect within a shared present moment. I conclude that; 1) Time is a succession of universal moments and 2) In the context of flowing time, time dilation requires absolute simultaneity, whereas relative simultaneity predicts a nonexistent phenomenon here dubbed time regression.

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavior management training on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children, marital satisfaction and mother’s self-efficacy. This study of the semi experimental used for the present paper type pretest, posttest, control group, the study population included all mothers of children 3 to 12 years with ADHD Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity the selection of targeted sample. The criteria for the study included 60 mothers who were selected after satisfaction questionnaire invited to participate during the training and implementation of a members were divided randomly into two groups of 30 control and examination. In this study, the question demographic characteristics of subjects, the scale of SNAP, Parenting scale (PSAM), satisfaction scale. Results showed parent management, reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Marital satisfaction change of parity, include three components: problem solving, parenting, good reflection and self-effective parents. Intervention improve the quality of mother’s self-efficacy.

Abstract
The internalizing nature of anxiety disorders make them been under recognized by parents and teachers and so become under attended by school counsellors and subsequently under referred to clinicians. Their wide-spectrum educational side effects include low level of academic achievement and failure in social interactions. Application of CBT, the most common non-medical treatment of anxiety in some studies, has not been enough efficient for middle childhood age. In addition, the time and economic burden of long term CBT for Anxiety Disorders is not acceptable for a lot of parents with middle or low socio economic status and also some school administrators. This study aimed to design a short term program of art and cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in educational settings. This six-session-program is based on psycho-developmental demands of students. Time and financial issues of this eclectic therapy can be modified based on school and family facilities.

Abstract
The basic concepts and laws of classical dynamics are analyzed from the standpoint of their adequacy to the physical nature of material bodies and to the dynamical processes. What Newton called absolute immovable space is the world ether that generates any forces, including the inertial forces imposing constraints on the magnitude of the acceleration. Inertial reference frames are frames moving translationally, rectilinearly, and uniformly relative to the ether. The physical nature of the principle of relativity is that the acceleration of a material point in all inertial reference frames coincides with its acceleration relative to the ether, and, therefore, Newton's dynamical equation retains the same form in any inertial reference frame. The principle of relativity is valid as long as Newton's dynamical equation is valid. In new formulations, the four laws of dynamics contain the concepts of ether and inertial forces. These laws are independent between themselves, and each of them expresses only one elementary truth.

Abstract
The present study is aimed at measuring the concentration of primordial radionuclides in the soil samples of Eloor Island, an industrial area in Ernakulum District and evaluating the radiation exposure to the local population. The ambient radiation exposure rate was measured using potable scintillometer survey meter and the activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in the soil samples were analyzed using (5×4)” NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer. The exposure rate measured using survey meter varied from 63 nGyh-1 to 374 nGyh-1. The activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in soil samples ranged from 44.8 Bq kg-1 to 792.8 Bqkg-1 for 232Th, 8 Bqkg-1 to 445.5 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 129 Bqkg-1 to 1160.5 Bqkg-1 for 40K. Hence the absorbed gamma dose and radiation hazard indices due to natural environmental radiation was done. The study showed no significant impact due to the NORM Industries in the Eloor Industrial region.

Abstract
Due to the poor resolution of (76 mm×76 mm) NaI scintillation detector, ~7.5% for 137Cs peak (661.5 keV), a mutual spectral interferences of environmental samples between 137Cs and 214Bi (609 keV) in the decay series of uranium peaks, is a serious problem. This overlapped problem appears in low level sample spectrum causes overestimation of the specific activity of both nuclides. The main purpose of this work is to resolve this problem and to present a methodology to correct the activity concentrations of 137Cs by NaI(Tl) spectroscopy. In Duhok governorate of Iraq, as a real NORM case, the accumulation of 137Cs is significant brought by west-north wind and precipitation in the years following nuclear weapons testing and Chernobyl accident in 1986. The developed correlations for any ratio of the measured areas of 214Bi and 137Cs overcome the overestimation and show very good results. The method is approved by comparing the relative error of the measured and corrected activity of Bi with that measured Pb. The maximum, minimum and average relative errors decreased from 40%, 7.3% and 19.4% to 6.1%, -6.5% and 0.6% respectively.

Abstract
This study was to investigated the efficacy of the family base-integrative program designing of cognitive behavioral and motor therapy on clinical symptoms and executive functions in elementary school children with (ADHD). Thereafter 44 children (22 experimental group, 22 control group) were selected through purposive sampling method and parents of experimental group underwent 40 sessions of integrative therapy. CANTAB and IVA tests were administered as the pre-test and post-test for the children in experimental and control groups. The results which were supported by MANCOVA revealed that applying the family base-integrative therapy was effective in the reduction of the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit (of clinical symptoms) and improve of the shifting and flexibility of attention, spatial span, spatial working memory and spatial planning (of executive functions), but there was not effective impulsiveness of clinical symptoms and motor control and planning of executive functions. This study confirmed that the family-centered integrative program of cognitive behavioral and motor therapy has a positive effect on clinical symptoms and executive functions in children with ADHD.

Abstract
Childbirth is one of the factors which can be effective in sexual disorders. Therefore a study was conducted aiming to compare the sexual disorders in female after the childbirth with the period before pregnancy. In a descriptive-analytic study, 100 female that experience of childbirth recently were examined. Results showed that 58% of woman have experienced at least one of the sexual disorders (even a slight one and for a limited period of time) before pregnancy, and 60% have experienced such disorders after the childbirth. This study showed that sexual disorders of women increase during the period before the pregnancy compared to the period after their childbirth. Therefore, it is suggested to educate and instruct couples sexual issues in all the after-marriage phases, especially during the period after the childbirth.