Published Articles Archive

Abstract
Some halide lasers tubes with different volume were used to investigate the geometrical dependence of the output power of laser. An optimum length-to-bore ratio of about 30 was obtained, which gives maximum average output power of halide lasers. The relationship between maximum average output power and geometrical factors of lasers were deduced and compared by than that of copper vapour lasers. So, the straightforward relation was obtained for designing of halide lasers tubes.

Abstract
In this article, we asked about the validity of the results obtained using atomic clocks, when trying to contrast the idea of the Time Dilation. As we will try to demonstrate, the idea of time dilation is a utopia that appears by a misinterpretation of a Thought experiments. However, physical experiments performed with great precision, using atomic clocks, are interpreted as the occurrence of such fallacy. What if we are wrong? Do these physical experiments serve to corroborate the idea of time dilation?

Abstract
The boundary value problems arise from many fields of applied mathematics and physics. Various applications of boundary value problems to applied mathematical sciences are well documented in the literature. In this paper, I study the solutions for a class of (p,q) Laplacian system. Using the fixed point theorems in cones the existence of positive solutions is proved. Sufficient conditions are provided under which this system has solution.

Abstract
This is the most important, first time, the internal force of gases is measurable. The internal force of the gases in the gas container, as well as the atmosphere of the earth and other celestial bodies, can be measured. The internal force has a significant role in the behaviour of the gases as in the gas container as well as the atmosphere of the earth and other celestial bodies. Internal force may help to assume the most accurate weather reporting.

Abstract
In recent years, boundary value problem of second-order have received a lot of attention. In this paper, I study the existence of
positive solutions for a class of p-Laplacian boundary value problem at infinity. The fixed point theorems in cones is the our
main tools to prove the existence of solutions. I provide sufficient conditions under which this system has solution. I establish
some propositions to prove the existence of positive solutions for these equations.

Abstract
The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been determined for product (urea) samples collected from the Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited (CUFL) and Jamuna Fertilizer Company Limited. The different kinds of sample were analyzed by using a calibrated high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of relative efficiency of 38%. For solid samples, the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been found 78.67±2.87, 59.74±2.27 and 463.71±9.16 Bq/Kg, respectively. The mean activity concentrations of product samples for the corresponding radionuclide were 73.12±2.83, 74.59±2.32 and 391.58±9.38 Bq/Kg, respectively. The artificial radionuclide 137Cs has not been detected in any of the samples. The obtained results of this study show that for some samples the values are lower and for the remaining are higher than the World average values. The mean representative index value is less than unity which confirms that the area is safe for the factory workers and the public nearby.

Abstract
Gravity and time are necessarily related to each other. Gravity affects the measurement of time. In contrast time too affects the measurement of gravity. Our imagination about the gravity is like this much, that the gravitational constant G is a constant character. That is not quite right. Gravitational constant G is a relative character by all accounts. As we know that the measurement of time is affected both by motion (special relativity) as well as by gravity too (general relativity). Now the question may arise. Whether the measurement of gravity may also is affected by time? The answer is yes. Gravity too is affected by time (motion)as well. Gravity is the function of time.

Abstract
The Brownian motion, thermodynamics performance and existence or non-existence of atmosphere in the earth and other celestial bodies depends on the effect of heat energy wave force i.e. Infra-red wave force on the outer surface of tiny particles like atoms, molecules, etc.

Abstract
First landslide hazard zonation provided based on Fuzzy logic by landslide area laid on the Slope map, Geology( lithology) map, Aspect map. Then, these maps classes of priority and coming next determine based on existing landslides area in the geology, slope and aspect of maps. In the geology map of tuff, shale, and conglomerate rocks, about with hectare 1440.43 (about percent 23.94) and shelly limestone about with hectare 0.88 (about percent 0.01) and in the slope map, X>45 classes about with hectare 2794 (about percent 46.44 ) and 15-25 classes about with hectare 737 ( about percent 12.25) and in the aspect map, East classes with about hectare 1882 ( about percent 31.28) and west classes with hectare 579 (about percent 9.62) sequential have most and least landslide area. Then, in final drawer to dimension centimeters 2 in region watershed management of map and we counted from 0 until 863 based on geology, slope and aspect that exist only unit 624 counted from 0 until 623. Then (y) units settled sequential, numbers 0 to 105 in very low sensitivity class (one class), numbers 106 to 207 in low sensitivity class (two class), numbers 208 to 345 in average sensitivity class (three class), numbers 346 to 498 in high sensitivity class (four class) and numbers 499 to 623. then landslide hazard zonation provided base on Fuzzy logic.

Abstract
The cosmic (physical) vacuum according to modern data possesses the properties of a material medium. In combination with the celestial bodies, this medium is capable of forming dynamic structures. Presumably, these structures have a wave nature, and in their development, the gravitational waves, emitted by the stars and their planetary systems can take part. It is believed that physical vacuum is almost weightless matter. However this study postulates its high density, as a condition for adaptation of the fundamental physical laws for different mediums and substances. The product of this density and gravitational constant gives vent to the frequency, which is entitled as the probable frequency of the gravitational wave background of space and equals to .06 Hz (rounded). The supposed spectrum of gravity waves of the solar system could become a model for the spectral analysis of extra-solar systems and the evaluation of habitable planets.

Abstract
Today, soil reinforcement is applied as an effective and reliable way to increase the resistance of the soil mass. This method works in a variety of instruments to stabilize earthen dam, layers below the surface, the embankment road and pavement. Geotechnical applications needs advanced behavioral models to simulate nonlinear and time- functionality of soils. Whole problem is analyzed numerically with software plaxis, including an embankment with crest width 2b and height (H) which is located on soft clay layer. The clay layer is placed under the stabilized layer and the embankment located on it. The initial dimensions of the plane strain analysis, including the embankment crest width of 6 meters by 9 meters with side slopes of 2:1 (V: H) on deep clay layer of 40 meters. In this paper, we first review the results of the initial analysis and then discuss the results of previous research done in this area; the results are compared to the software plaxis. Then, the sensitivity analysis of parameters such as slopes on either side of the embankment, the embankment width and height of the embankment is performed.

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of (p , q)-Lalpacian system. Moreover the author established suitable conditions under which, the problem has positive solutions.

Abstract
The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between disorders (syndrome) premenstrual depression in married women and unmarried. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among married and single women. Participants included 200 married and single women, The data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, daily symptom severity questionnaire, and a provisional diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome questionnaire and beck depression scale. The data analyzed by independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficients in SPSS. Twenty hundreds of the subjects (women and girls) met the criteria for PMD but the impairment of girls was severe. The symptom intensity and frequency of the subjects (women and girls) were different for PMDD. In these two groups, Psychiatric problems, including depression and anxiety, were high. In total, almost all of adolescents reported suffering from distressing premenstrual symptoms, and girls were severe in their symptom severity and characteristics in comparison with married women.

Abstract
The present research paper is to become aware of the sources and causes of unnecessary impressions (samskaras) which reduce the capacity of mind, and Yogic practices to eliminate that load resulting into clear, efficient, elucidated mind according to Patanjali Yoga Sutras. The research also attempts to correlate the techniques to the specific causes and gain insights into the effects of those techniques on the mind and thereby discovering ways and means to lead a peaceful life. A fundamental study of Patanjali Yoga Sutras was done for this research work. Contemplative research has found that if one applies any of given technique to his life, he can achieve tranquility of mind and thus elucidate the mind also.

Abstract
The aim of this research work is the effect of perceptual-motor activities training on adaptive behavior of autistic children. This semi-experimental research and pre-test-post-test considered by using of control group. The study sample are all autistic children in Mashhad. This semi-experimental and pretest-posttest control group considered. In this study, purposive sampling method is used. This means that of all children with autism, 30 children were selected and randomly divided into two experiment groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Moreover the children conditions were assessed using a Weiland adaptive behavior questionnaire and before the implementation of the program no difference between the groups was confirmed. Then the students in the experimental group participated in the perceptual - motor activities training sessions during 12 sessions of 45 minute. Furthermore post-test was performed and the results were assessed using SPSS software and analysis of covariance and two independent samples were analyzed by using of T test. The results showed that, perceptual-motor activities training has a positive effect on the adjustment of autistic children.

Abstract
Wave nature is a form of heat energy. Call it as heat energy wave. Heat energy wave holds some force which takes a great effect on outer surface of molecules as well as takes effect in behaviour of gases. How heat energy wave takes effect in behaviour of gases is described in details in this article. Roll of heat energy wave in behaviour of gases is a new idea and a second way. This new idea will help us as a second way to explain the behaviour of gases, to assume the size of minute particle atom, molecules etc., for more efficient weather reporting and many others.

Abstract
The light phenomena of the Norwegian valley of Hessdalen are one of several unexplained light phenomena around the world. Scientists have investigated it since 1981 without a proven theory of what causes the phenomena. In this article, the superposition of cosmic radiation due to local distortion of Earths magnetic field is investigated as the source of the phenomena. Hessdalen has special characteristics in regard of its high concentration of minerals, valley formation and river containing minerals running through it and this could cause the cosmic radiation entering the valley from above to superimpose into the visible spectrum. This new theory is tested against the observed and unexplained special properties of the light phenomena, showing some promising results. Superposition of cosmic EM waves, or collisions of cosmic ray particles, should be further evaluated as the source.

Abstract
The modification on the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer as a result of ArF (193nm) laser irradiation was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed for examination of the chemical composition of irradiated surface and conical structure. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that by irradiation of PET, hydrophobic groups of the polymer molecules in the polymer chain have more freedom of movement and prevents from the interaction between water molecules and the hydrophilic groups on the polymer surface, and PET surfaces after exposure have become more hydrophobic. While the PET is irradiated by more than 800 pulses, its surfacs become hydrophilic, so that the surface of PET after treated by 1500 pulses, even become more hydrophilic than that of untreated one.

Abstract
The research was to examine marital conflicts and Emotional Divorce based on the Character Strengths among Iranian spouses. For this reason 400 married women were selected by convenient sampling in Tehran as capital of Iran. Consequently three questionnaires, strengths of character, emotional divorce and marital conflict were used. The findings of structural equation modeling showed the measurement model of character strength is fitted and also have a proper reliability and convergent validity. The composite reliability of the scale was more than 70. In addition the character strength in terms of spirituality, acknowledgements, honesty, personalized control, kindness, loyalty and love predicts 33 percent of emotional divorce variance and 58 percent of marital conflict variance. Lastly the structural model of relation between variables had good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that character strengths have influence on couple’s relationships. Thus the improving of character strengths can be reduced emotionally divorce and marital conflict in couples.

Abstract
The school environment, which includes the classroom, school location, school facility, school climate and technology, etc, is
a variable that affects students’ academic performance. Hence the school environment remains an important area that should
be studied and well managed to enhance students’ academic performance. The extent to which students’ learning could be
enhanced depends on their location within the school compound, the structure of their classroom, availability of instructional
facilities and accessories. It is believed that a well planned school will gear up expected outcome of education that will
facilitate good social, political and economic emancipation, effective teaching learning process and academic performance of
the students.