Published Articles Archive

Abstract
Considering the lack of consistency in these urban and rural areas in relation to several factors such as social, economic, cultural, physical and administrative, the amalgamation of the rural areas into urban areas leads to numerous problems. Therefore this paper tries to individually examine the role of each of the abovementioned factors in amalgamation of village areas into city districts. This research uses analytic method and documentary research including extensive field observation, and questionnaires which were completed by 220 households and it highlights that even though there are not significant social and managerial differences between Islamshahr city and Shatereh village, when considering cultural, economic and physical factors in these areas the difference is substantial thus, the results indicates that these differences are the consequence of the amalgamation of the villages into the cities.

Abstract
We investigate the relation between Earth’s distances and other components of the universe. To obtain this relationship we supposed the distance between the earth and other celestial objects follows a constant value of 1.466 with a simple equation which is called, Harmonic Factor. To prove this idea, we find out the distance of celestial objects such as the moon, sun, galaxies, Local cluster, Supercluster, and Group of superclusters in terms of Earth radius with good accuracy. Moreover, we predict a new position for an unknown object or a group of objects, which have not found yet. The results for nearest distance values are very close with real and known values and for farthest objects, need more information in the future.

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to consider, how Lajim Rural guide-plan has affected its textural, economic, social, and cultural development. The theoretical modeling of the study is in accordance with the present guide plans of the country and the previous studies done. In this study which is based on visiting and observing, the research has used a questionnaire to gather data. The sample of the study is households of Lajim village in Mazandaran province; from which 40 people were randomly selected. In this study, four hypotheses considered and data analysis has been presented descriptively and inductively. Statistical methods and independence model, applied for more analyzing. The results show that the guide-plan of Lajim, positively affected Lajim's development economically, culturally, and also socially. The authors provide some suggestions to improve rural guide-plans.

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify of the some family dynamic patterns among Iranian couples. This research will
determine the family dynamic structures in each stage of the family life cycle for more balance. The research questions and
hypotheses will be developed to focus on exploring and understanding family dynamic structures among Iranian families.
Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) will be used in this research. This paper will discuss the topic as part of a PhD
proposal in the Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. It is hoped that the result can be a reference to family
professionals in identifying the family dynamic structures in Iran.

Abstract
Export is usually the first step toward internationalization. However, it is regarded as a difficult, complex and dynamic
process in an environment, sometimes, very competitive and turbulent. This competition requires that firms support a high
level of performance in order to ensure their growth and survival. Management is often considered as the major force behind
the beginning of development, sustenance and prosperity in exporting. Attitudes, perceptions and managerial characteristics
seem to play a significant influence on export performance of firms. Nevertheless, the literature is mainly characterized by a
lack of consensus and findings are conflicting. In this study, we classify the managerial determinants into skill-based and
attitudinal characteristics and try to link these concepts with export performance. Finally, we suggest a grid of the managerial
determinants having a significant impact on export performance. A critical examination of the existing works is required to
better understand the managerial determinants of the export performance and to suggest, through a simplification and
clarification of the different approaches and precepts, a new conceptual framework for future researches.

Abstract
In this study, we apply the standard quantization procedure to the Newtonian equation to obtain the Schrödinger equation. The wave function is obtained and subsequently the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation is applied to the wave function to yield the formulas for escape speed. It is shown that the usual Newtonian formula for escape speed is purely resulted from taking the asymptotic form of Bessel functions. We then extend our work to hydrogen atom and show that the work done to eject the electron away from proton is in discrete form. The ionization energy for ground state of hydrogen atom from escape kinetic energy method is obtained.

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between attachment to parents and same ages with the autonomy of adolescents. Two
hundred and fifty secondary school students (125 girls and 125 boys) were completed questionnaires about the attachment of
parents and same ages and adolescences autonomy questionnaire. Results showed that attachment to parents and same ages
among adolescent girls in relationships are meaningful. The attachment to parents and same ages is higher in adolescent girls
in comparison with boys. But autonomy in boys and girls are not different from each other.

Abstract
This paper discusses trends in the development of future cities and the emerging new requirements to urban transportation. Trends in urban transportation will be investigated to conclude whether they are coherent with the visions of future cities or are able to fulfill the requirements. Origin and history of cities will be discussed to better understand the current status of city structures before future visions are presented. The same will be done for urban transportation.

Abstract
Day by day, the number of companies and people engaged in E-commerce is increased as a result of the significant benefits
provided by this commerce for consumers, companies and society. Achieving privacy and security of all E-commerce
partners helps to overcome the obstacles and remove many of the concerns especially that related to financial transactions
security on the Internet. This paper aims to explore the E-commerce reality and discuss the main issues that have received
and is still receiving a lot of controversy, and that have to be considered by different parties to develop and promote such
commerce. It also demonstrates the future of E-commerce in spite of these issues challenges. It is obvious that E-commerce
will continue to grow in spite of barriers and rising threats.

Abstract
The Sun is considered as one of the strongest radio sources and observation in radio region can provide information on structures throughout the solar atmosphere. In radio wavelengths, we could possible to investigate high quality images within an arc second resolution at different layers of the solar atmosphere. Solar monitoring in this wavelength makes various demands on the used antennas. Therefore, Logarithmic Periodic dipole Antenna (LPDA) was constructed for monitoring Sun in the range of (45−870) MHz to precisely match the environmental requirements. Our work focuses on preparation and performance of the antenna. Observation results of the site will also be highlighted. From the analysis, we found that the signal to noise ratio is 3.9 dB. We also make an effort analyze a y-factor of a data by select a range of frequency from 220 MHz till 250 MHz due to this range consists burst. By constructing and understanding the principle of the log dipole periodic antenna and then connect it to the CALLISTO spectrometer as receiver, some solar activities observations such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can be done. In conclusion, the log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is remains the simplest antenna with reliable bandwidth and gain estimates.

Abstract
The main objective of this article was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and techniques
especially designed for anxiety in cancer patient who was schedule for chemotherapy treatment. The techniques used in this
CBT counseling sessions are: cognitive restructuring, homework, problem solving, and mindfulness-based approach
(acceptance and commitment). The approaches was used because the counselor want to guide and approaches the client in
dealing anxiety by using some techniques that can change her thought, feeling and behavioral; and make her feel better in
her daily life along the cancer treatment. This approach's' is a new technique use for cancer patients in Malaysia. But it was
successfully used by some other researchers in European country.

Abstract
Productivity is a major factor for operational management. Applying the productivity tools such as TQM and TPM besides
knowing the productivity value can be two significant approaches that help organizer and policy maker to make strategies for
future. This study has tendency to investigate how the TQM and TPM influence the productivity through the managerial
components, efficiency and effectiveness. Reducing the price, improving the quality, increasing customer and job
satisfaction, promoting the profit and the growth of organization, enhancing outcome and output that leads to raise the
efficiency and effectiveness can be considered the results of implementation of TQM and TPM. The ways as to how the
other productivity tools impact on efficiency and effectiveness can be probed in future studies.

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to consider the best strategy of motion, in the rain. In this paper, not only we considered the motion of object with standing vertically on the ground, but also we measured the motion of object, with angle too. Here we will show, whether the optimal speed-angle exists in any angle or in any speed, or not. If it is exists, then we can find the optimal speed or the optimal angle. We also find out the crucial factor for the optimal speed. A very clear solution of this problem is the result of using six variables in rectangle and ellipsoidal model. Moreover, here an interesting result, in comparison between motion of object in the same time and same distance, will appear. The motion of object considered in two and three dimensional coordinate system for rectangle and ellipsoid models. The discussed model also is applicable for other fields.

Abstract
The general solution of a static sphere of perfect fluid of uniform density using isotropic line element has been obtained by using the additional condition of continuity at the boundary

Abstract
The small-signal gain coefficient of a TEA CO2 laser has been measured through the implementation of a variable polarization intra-cavity loss element. Charging voltage dependence of the gain property of the laser has been investigated. The advantage of this method is that no probe laser system is required. The results have been agreed with experimental data obtained by conventional oscillator-amplifier method.

Abstract
The disordered electron-hole recombination in multi-quantum well was investigated using analytical method based on the rate equations. The results show extreme broad distribution of the recombination time which depends exponentially on the distances between the recombining excitons. The energies at each localised state shows an energy splitting between the electronic ground state and the first excited state of 0.0038eV.

Abstract
The results of analysis of heavy metal in limestone and soil samples from the limestone deposit areas of Kitui South, Kenya were reported in this paper. The analysis was carried out to assess the environmental impact of heavy metals in the region and provide necessary data on the extent of their spread that could be used as a basis for monitoring occupational exposure and the and subsequent environmental impact once mining and processing of limestone in the region starts. Limestone and soils were sampled from three major limestone deposit areas in the region of Kituvwi, Mwanyani and Ndulukuni and analyzed for heavy elemental content using 109Cd radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometry technique in which sample pellets were directly irradiated. The major elements detected in soils were Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb, while in limestone they were; Ti Mn and Zn.

Abstract
The selection-based Tempt Destiny experiment has provided evidence that the fundamental acts of selection are a dichotomy as are their effects. By applying this knowledge to evaluate the preliminary findings of the Higgs boson discovery, we find an omission error has taken place.

Abstract
Information technology is the main item for improve the firm performance for organizations. On the basis of the resourcebased
view, this paper investigates relationship between Information Technology (IT) investments and firm performance. The
research assesses whether innovation is moderated by firm growth and this study investigated the mediation effects of
innovation on IT’s impact on firm performance. A set of hypotheses rooted in the resource-based view theories of the firm
was created and empirically tested. Survey email invitation approach was employed to send a letter of invitation to 1,100
potential participants at 300 firms to participate in the study. To analyze the data, both mediated regression and hierarchical
linear regression models were utilized; and following controlling for firm growth. The results of this study indicate that IT
increases the innovation of the firm. Innovation improves firm performance in terms of financial and operational. Results also
indicate that IT’s impact on innovation is significantly moderated by firm growth. Finally, the results indicate that IT’s
impact on firm performance is through innovation. This suggests that firms should consider IT investments that improve the
firm’s capabilities in order to achieve a significant impact on firm performance. The main purpose of this paper is to offer the
new perspectives in illumination how IT can create a sustained competitive advantage for the firm.

Abstract
The term “creativity” refers to a phenomenon whereby a person creates something new that has some kind of
value for other people. This study aims to examine the creative potentiality among both undergraduate and
postgraduate students in higher educational institutions. To this end, a questionnaire survey was stratified
randomly administered to 490 students in four Malaysian public universities namely University of Malaya (UM),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM). The required primary data was collected within two months from October until November 2011. The
main findings of the study showed that, firstly, most of the students stated that universities attempt to improve
creative potential among students and, secondly, the role of knowledge sharing, creative environment and
technology environment, curriculum of the study, team work and level of rock logic are very effective in
improving creative potential. Thirdly, the finding demonstrated that the level of creative potential is satisfactory
in these four Malaysian public universities. It is important for the universities to maintain focusing on creativity
and creative potential and try to further increase the creative potential for improving the self-importance.