Sunspots, Solar Rain, Solar Prominences, Solar Tsunamis and Sunquakes are Absolute Evidence Showing the Condensed Matter Nature of the Sun

This study aims to examine selected solar observations and dynamic phenomena particularly sunspots, solar prominences, coronal rain, sunquakes, and solar tsunamis as evidence supporting a condensed-matter interpretation of the Sun, including the possibility of a liquid surface and solid interior.

Almost all observations clearly show the condensed matter nature of the Sun. Regrettably, empirical solar data are always interpreted with the Standard Solar Model (SSM) in mind. Basically, the interpretation of solar features and phenomena must be compatible with the SSM. For instance, sunspots, granules, and faculae are regarded as optical illusions within a gaseous mass, yet they are actually real physical structures formed by condensed crystal lattices. Besides that, the Sun’s average density (1.41g /cm^3) —which is comparable to Earth's oceans and slightly denser than water—is ignored or rather deliberately misinterpreted by being considered a mathematical illusion. In fact, not only is the overall density of the Sun perfectly aligned with the condensed liquid state, but pure gases of this composition would also not inherently maintain the observed structural rigidity required for the solar dynamo to
operate. Moreover, a continuous solar spectrum cannot be produced by gaseous bodies. That is because a continuous spectrum requires dense, opaque matter (like solids or liquids) in order to emit light across all wavelengths, behaving as a blackbody. In contrast, isolated, low-density gases or plasmas produce distinct, discrete emission lines. Furthermore, and most importantly, it is physically impossible for the observed solar-dynamic phenomena such as sunspots, solar prominences, coronal rain, sunquakes, and solar tsunamis to occur without a liquid surface and a solid core.

Solar PhysicsCondensed Matter SunSunspotsSolar Prominences